https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/tags/logic/ Recent content in Logic on Philosophy in Summary — Thinkers & Syntheses Hugo en Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/artigos/leibniz-monadology-theodicy-best-of-all-possible-worlds/ Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/artigos/leibniz-monadology-theodicy-best-of-all-possible-worlds/ The philosophy of Leibniz: the principle of sufficient reason, windowless monads, pre-established harmony, the Theodicy and the best of all possible worlds, and his anticipation of symbolic logic. https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/artigos/mario-ferreira-dos-santos-concrete-philosophy/ Tue, 12 May 2026 15:00:00 -0300 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/artigos/mario-ferreira-dos-santos-concrete-philosophy/ A study of the work of Mário Ferreira dos Santos (1907–1968), Brazilian philosopher and author of Concrete Philosophy, the largest systematic philosophical project ever attempted in Brazil. https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/artigos/aristotle-new-perspective-olavo-de-carvalho-four-discourses/ Tue, 12 May 2026 14:00:00 -0300 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/artigos/aristotle-new-perspective-olavo-de-carvalho-four-discourses/ A rigorous analysis of the Theory of the Four Discourses formulated by Olavo de Carvalho in Aristotle in a New Perspective: poetics, rhetoric, dialectic and analytics as a unified hierarchy of the Organon. https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/abelardo/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/abelardo/ The most brilliant and controversial intellectual of the 12th century. Also famous for his tragic love affair with Heloise (castrated by order of her… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/al-farabi/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/al-farabi/ Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Fārābī (c. 872–c. 950) was one of the greatest philosophers of the medieval Islamic world, called by the tradition "the… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/aristoteles/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/aristoteles/ Born in Stagira, in Macedonia, around 384 BCE, the son of Nicomachus — physician to the Macedonian court — Aristotle entered Plato's Academy at the age of… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/russell/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/russell/ Born in 1872 into an influential British aristocratic family — he was the grandson of a prime minister — Bertrand Russell had one of the longest and most… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/boecio/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/boecio/ "The last Roman and the first Scholastic." He translated and commented on the Logic of Aristotle into Latin, transmitting it to the Middle Ages. The… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/peirce/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/peirce/ American logician, mathematician, philosopher, and scientist. Founder of pragmatism and modern semiotics. One of the most original minds in the history of… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/chrysippus/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/chrysippus/ Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280–c. 207 BCE) was the third scholarch (head) of the Stoic school in Athens and is considered, alongside Zeno of Citium, the… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/leibniz/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/leibniz/ Born in Leipzig in 1646, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was the last great universal sage: at once philosopher, mathematician, logician, physicist, jurist… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/frege/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/frege/ A German mathematician born in 1848, Gottlob Frege spent almost his entire career as a professor at Jena, in relative obscurity — his genius would be… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/kurt-godel/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/kurt-godel/ Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) proved the two Incompleteness Theorems (1931), showing that any consistent formal system expressive enough to contain basic arithmetic contains true but unprovable propositions. https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/wittgenstein/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/wittgenstein/ Born in Vienna in 1889, into one of the wealthiest and most cultured families of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ludwig Wittgenstein began by studying… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/porphyry/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/porphyry/ Porphyry of Tyre (c. 234 – c. 305 CE): Neoplatonist philosopher, disciple and editor of Plotinus, author of the Isagoge — gateway of Aristotelian logic into the Middle Ages. https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/rudolf-carnap/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/rudolf-carnap/ Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970): central figure of the Vienna Circle and logical empiricism, the rejection of metaphysics, the principle of tolerance, and internal versus external questions. https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/saul-kripke/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/saul-kripke/ Saul Kripke (1940–2022): rigid designators, a posteriori necessity, causal theory of reference, and possible worlds semantics — a revolution in analytic philosophy. https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/quine/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/quine/ Willard Van Orman Quine was one of the most influential analytic philosophers of the 20th century. A professor at Harvard for decades, his work… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/zenao-de-citio/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/zenao-de-citio/ Founder of Stoicism. He taught at the Stoa Poikilê (Painted Porch) in Athens — hence the name of the school. After hearing the story of Socrates through… https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/zenao-de-eleia/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://filosofiaemresumo.com.br/en/pensadores/zenao-de-eleia/ Born in Elea, in southern Italy, and active in the mid-fifth century BCE, Zeno was the most celebrated disciple of Parmenides — according to Plato, he…