Substance in Philosophy: From Aristotle to Heidegger — History of a Fundamental Concept
Few concepts have traversed the history of Western philosophy with such persistence — and so many metamorphoses — as substance. From the Greek ousia to the Latin substantia, from Aristotelian form to the Leibnizian monad, from Cartesian res cogitans to Locke’s unknown substratum, this term has served as the axis for the most decisive metaphysical questions: What truly exists? What persists through change? What is a thing apart from its properties? ...