The Good (Agathon / Bonum) — For Plato, the Good (to agathon) is the supreme Idea that illuminates all other Ideas and the intellect that apprehends them — compared to the Sun in the Allegory of the Cave. Aristotle redefines it in functional terms: the good of each thing is that toward which it tends by nature (telos). In medieval ethics, the Supreme Good is identified with God. Kant rejects any “material” good as the foundation of morality, accepting only the “good will” as an unconditional good.
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