Phenomenology — A philosophical method founded by Husserl at the beginning of the 20th century. It proposes to rigorously describe phenomena as they present themselves to consciousness, suspending naturalist presuppositions (the epoché). Central concept: intentionality — all consciousness is consciousness of something; there is no pure empty consciousness. Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Sartre transformed phenomenology in different directions — ontology, embodiment, existence.
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