Soul (Psyché / Anima) — The vital and rational principle that, for Plato, is immortal and pre-existed the body, temporarily imprisoned in matter. Aristotle redefines the soul as the form of the body — the organizing principle of life — without necessarily implying personal immortality. In Modernity, Descartes conceives it as res cogitans (thinking substance), opposed to the body (res extensa).
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